Titanium and its alloys are widely used in implants because of their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, titanium and other elements release from implants. The bone resorption around dental implants leads to failure. The metal ions released by implants and their wear debris greatly affect the function of osteoblast and osteoclast, destroy the regulation mechanism between osteoblast and osteoclast, reduce bone formation
and enhance bone resorption.
