Objective To evaluate the current condition of root canal retreatment. Methods 201 patients with 254 teeth need to receive root canal retreatment were randomly selected, and then analyzed root canal retreatment conditions and course of treatment. Results Among 254 teeth of root canal retreatment, there are 65 anterior teeth, accounting for 25.59%; 64 premolar teeth, accounting for 25.20%; 125 molars teeth, accounting for 49.21%. Root canal filling of 208 teeth are gutta-percha point/AH paste, teeth of those who had mummified surgery are 29, plastics treatment is 0, simply paste in root canal filling are 8, instrument fracture are 9. The average duration of treatment was 2 to 7 times, 2 times to complete are 89; 3 times to complete are 150; 4 times to complete are 5; 5 times and above to complete are 10. Conclusion 254 teeth of root canal retreatment are difficult and complicated; Root canal retreatment is higher than the first extension of root canal treatment.