The periodontal Ruffini endings are low-threshold and slowly adapting mechanoreceptors which display typical morphological features. In the development, regeneration and reconstruction of the periodontal Ruffini endings, neurotrophic factors and their receptors play crucial roles, and terminal neurolemmal cells in the periodontium might also make important contributions. The morphology and function of periodontal Ruffini endings can be changed by the alterations in the mechanical environment of the periodontium, such as occlusal changes and orthodontic tooth movement. The present review summarized the recent advancements on the morphological characterristics of periodontal Ruffini endings and their relationship to neurotrophic factors, terminal neurolemmal cells and mechanical environment changes.
