Dental casting alloys have been widely used in dental restorations. Due to the complex microenvironment in the mouth, the corrosion of dental casting alloys leads to the release of elements from alloys for prolonged time. Previous studies have shown that the release of ions from alloys is directly related to chronic adverse biological effects on the surrounding tissues and cells. The adverse effects contain local undesirable reactions and systemic symptoms, however, the dates available about the incidence of systemic symptoms are regarded as scarce, so the local adverse reactions of metal ions released from alloys have become the focus extensively investigated. This article addressed the toxic effects of metallic ions released from casting alloys as well as the cell regulation mechanisms are reviewed.
