Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, functions as a regulator of mitosis and cell-death decisions. Survivin affects the initiation and progression of diseases by interfering with cell proliferation and apoptosis. In recent years, the relationship between survivin and oral diseases has attracted considerable research attention. This article focuses on the biological functions of survivin as well as relevant research progress in oral cancer, periodontal diseases, and salivary gland development.