Objective To elucidate the underlying role of T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 in the immune etiology of human with recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from 33 cases of minor RAU and 30 cases of healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cellular and humoral immune status of patients with RAU was investigated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results CD4, CD4/CD8, T+B+NK cells were significantly lower in the RAU group than in the control group(P