The biological evolution of the highly conserved transcription factor forkhead box O1(FOXO1) features the intersection of a number of signaling pathways. These signaling pathways exist in different organizations and play a crucial role in the body, such as in cell differentiation and proliferation, survival from oxidative stress, and regulation of metabolism. Recent studies have revealed the role of FOXO1 in the skeletal system. In osteoblast cell lines, FOXO1 interacts with other proteins, such as the activating transcription factor 4, core binding factor α1, osteoprotegerin, β-catenin and alkaline phosphatase, which regulate the redox balance, protein synthesis, and osteogenic differentiation. At the same time, FOXO1 may inhibit osteoclast formation through indirect mechanisms. In this review, we reveal the latest research on the role of FOXO1 in osteogenesis and osteoclasis.
