Human microbiome project(HMP) phase Ⅰ have been completed last year and a slew of genetic sequences have obtained from human oral microbiome project, a sub-project of HMP. This review summarized the extensive oral microbiome composition and diversity, including bacteria, fungi, virus and archae. By analyzing the microbiota of clinical samples collected from patient suffering from diseases such as caries, periodontal diseases and systematic diseases, the relationship between oral microbial shifts and human diseases was investigated.
