Periodontal tissue engineering involves the transplantation of the biologically active complex composed of optimal seed cells and extracellular matrix into periodontal defects to reconstruct structural and functional tissues in vitro. The main approaches of cell sheets include temperature-responsive culture dish, scraping, collagen gel, magnetic tissue engineering, topography of the roughness of the particle monolayer, and polyelectrolyte coatings. Periodontal cell sheets mainly contain periodontal ligament and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets. These sheets were transplanted into the body of animals with different carriers in this study. Observations revealed that the extracellular matrix and the adherence of fibers showed the regeneration of cementum-like and periodontal tissues. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human dermal fibroblasts were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Their sheets formed tubular structures similar to a native microvasculature. Currently, the biomechanical capability of cell sheet engineering is poor. Given the degradation of the biomaterial, cell sheet engineering cannot avoid tissue fibrosis and immunological exclusion when combined with a traditional scaffold. However, cell sheet engineering is a promising field in periodontal tissue engineering; it aims to achieve complete regeneration of the periodontal tissue. Further research on this field is still necessary. This retrospective review includes the progress of the research on cell sheets in tissue engineering and consists of the construction of cell sheets, different tissue derived cell sheets of periodontal tissue engineering, and the problems in cell sheet tissue engineering.
