Maxillary sinus septa are cortical bone walls that divide the maxillary sinus into two or more compartments. Maxillary sinus septa have two classes: primary and secondary. Primary septa develop during the tooth growth stage; secondary septa arise from the irregular pneumatization of the sinus floor following tooth loss. Using different analytical methods, various researchers found that the occurrence rate of maxillary sinus septa ranges from 9.5% to 50% and that the septa may be present anywhere in the maxillary sinus. The presence of septa can cause misdiagnosis and complicate various clinical procedures, such as maxillary sinus augmentation and treatment for sinus inflammation. Therefore, a complete understanding of the anatomical structureis important to provide accurate diagnosis and solution to problems in the maxillary sinus.
