Pulpitis and periapical periodontitis are mainly treated with root canal therapy, and immature permanent tooth is treated through apexification. These treatment modalities exhibit some limitations that can be theoretically surmounted through dental pulp regeneration, thus, dental pulp tissue regeneration could be a superior treatment of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. This technique can be performed using two approaches. The first approach is based on host cells from the apical region; these cells are induced to migrate toward the interior of the root canal and differentiate into a vascularized pulp tissue. The other approach is based on the transplantation of stem cells into the root canal and the differentiation of such cells into a new dental pulp. This paper summarized the research progress and challenges on dental pulp regeneration based on revascularization and tooth tissue engineering.
