The proliferation and multi-directional differentiation ability of periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) can be promoted by enamel matrix proteins(EMP) and by the expression of genes related to the synthesis of extracellular matrix, mineralization of PDLC, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP). Similarly, the osteogenic differentiation, up regulation of the gene expression, and AKP activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can also be improved. Adhesion factors, such as connexin-43 and neural cadherin, could be upregulated by EMP to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts. In addition, the aggregation of immature osteoblasts can be promoted by EMP, which plays an important role in the upregulation of connexin-43 and neural cadherin, and further increases the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Moreover, the formation of cementum and proliferation, activity, and migration of epithelial cells can also be improved by EMP. Results provide new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of periodontal tissue defectsby discovering the mechanisms underlying EMP’s activity and the regulation of its products.
