Bone tissue formation is a remineralization process through the extracellular matrix secreted by osteoblast cells. The main organic component of bone tissue is type 1 collagen, and its network structure supports cells and provides a microenvironment for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen membrane can provide a steric barrier for tissue regeneration that prevents cells from migrating out of the defect area to avoid cell loss; it can also direct blood vessel growth. Osteoblast cells and factors related to bone formation can migrate to the bone defect cavity and promote new bone formation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSC) cultured on collagen membrane can enhance the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts and stimulate the transformation of BMMSC into osteoblasts. Collagen membrane is a suitable carrier of BMMSC adhesion and growth; it can also be used as a scaffold material for cells. In this study, the biological characteristics of BMMSC cultured on collagen membrane were traced, and methods for bone tissue repair and reconstruction were explored.
