Pattern recognition receptors(PRR) can sense the presence of microorganisms by recognizing pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMP), and timely transduce signals to downstream pathways and lead to inflammasome generation. PAMP include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoicacid, peptidoglycan, and teichoic acid mannose. Different PAMP can be recognized by different PRR, and trigger cytokines through serious of protein cascade reaction so as to effectively revitalizing natural immune response. After recognized by Toil-like receptor(TLR), PAMP can contribute to the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, induce nitric oxide dependency bactericidal activity and breath, and mediate human monocyte cell and epithelium cell expressing TLR2 apoptosis. After effected by TLR4, LPS can promote dendritic cells mature, induce the synthesis and release of TLR2, and secrete cytokines such as interleukin-6. Studying TLR will contribute to the understanding of chronic periodontal disease and provide new methods of the treatment. Therefore, research progress of the gingival epithelial PRR and PAMP on the surface of periodontal pathogens, as well as their function in periodontal disease, is reviewed in this paper.
