Nanomodifications of implant surfaces, which include nanoparticle compression, laser sintering, surface chemical process, and anodic oxidation, are widely adopted to enhance bone integration and reduce wound healing time. Many studies reveal that polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, as well as mononuclear and dendritic cells, play important roles in innate immunity. These cells are also involved in immune responses to implant surfaces. Furthermore, some cytokines can regulate immune responses to reduce inflammation, promote bone integration, and accelerate wound healing. This review presents methods of titanium implant nanomodification and the immune response of the body to nanomodified implants.
