Dinoprostone is a powerful stimulating factor for alveolar bone resorption. It can destroy periodontal tissues by activating osteoclasts and cause pain by increasing the level of bradykinin and histamine. The imbalance between Dinoprostone and thromboxane A2 may influence angiogenesis and tissue healing. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) can reduce the production of Dinoprostone by inhibiting the clyco-oxygenase activity, thus decreasing the periodontal inflammation and relieving pain. It can also reduce the permeability of endothelial cells and influence cell migration during the acute inflammation period. It can inhibit the formation of hyaluronic acid and affect cell proliferation. Ibuprofen gel and minocycline-ibuprofen gel can improve the clinical symptoms of chronic periodontitis effectively and reduce tissue destruction. NSAID may promote bone regeneration in the guided tissue regeneration. Despite the advantages of NSAID in the treatment of periodontitis, the disadvantages should not be neglected. NSAID can increase the risk of hematoma and continued bleeding because of the inhibition of the production of thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation. The use of NSAID in periodontal surgery to obtain the best effect and whether NSAID have a significant effect on guided tissue regeneration need further discussion.
