The periosteum is a highly vascularized osteogenic organ with a complex and composite structure. This organ also exhibits barrier membrane characteristics and advanced, smart material properties. In addition, the periosteum is not immunogenic and can be obtained from a number of sources. Therefore, periosteum has great potential in bone defect reconstruction, bone regeneration, and bone tissue engineering. Recently, doctors from various fields such as orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, implantology, and periodontology have increasingly paid much attention to the periosteum because knowledge on the benefits from the periosteum will contribute to bone regeneration and bone defect reconstruction.
