Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease that progresses from initial demineralization to eventual cavitation on the dental hard tissue. Calcium and phosphate ions are the material basis of remineralization. Enamel remineralization easily occurs when calcium and phosphate ions increase. Amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP) can be combined with fluoride to produce calcium phosphate fluoride(ACPF). ACP and ACPF can provide available calcium phosphate and fluoride ions to the oral environment to promote enamel remineralization. However, the ability of ACP and ACPF to promote remineralization is reduced because of the rapid deposition. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complexes(CPP-ACP) conserve calcium. Phosphate ions can provide a continuous supply of calcium phosphate to the oral environment. CPP-ACP can be combined with fluoride to produce CPP-ACPF, which can constantly release calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions to promote enamel remineralization.
