Erythropoietin(EPO) and its receptor(EPOR) binding triggers signal transduction, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells. EPO activates the Janus kinase (JAK) and its downstream mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase(PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT) signal pathway, involved in the regulation of primitive stem cell development, cell integrity, vascular regeneration and neural development. EPO can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts differentiation, promoting osteoblastic bone formation and fracture healing, in distraction osteogenesis can accelerate bone healing. EPO and EPOR in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblastic differentiation and osteogenic cells, mainly through the JAK-STAT, PI3K-protein kinase B(PKB), MAPK and NF-κB signal transduction pathway plays a role, and then promote the osteogenesis of bone cells, which for the orthodontic tooth movement and oral maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis has very important clinical significance.
