With advancements in tissue engineering, therapies for osteoarthritis have been developed. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) can differentiate into various cell types and be used as an optimum source of cells for tissue engineering to produce an engineered cartilage. However, the efficient and stable stimulation of chondrogenetic differentiation of MSC is a key challenge in cartilage tissue engineering. Further studies have been conducted to investigate mechanical stimulation and to determine the internal and external forces that can stimulate the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC and maintain their phenotypes. This review summarizes the research progress on the effects of internal and external forces on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC.
