Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by normal or cancer cells and contain small specific secretory vesicles of RNA and protein, which are key mediators of intercellular communication. In recent years, it has been found that exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Exosomes have effects on AML cells, normal hematopoietic cells and bone marrow microenvironment, and contribute to the immune escape of AML cells, and thus promoting the progression of AML. It is expected that exosomes and molecules they contain might become biomarkers of disease prognosis and make a new pathway of treatment for AML patients. This article intends to elaborate the effects of exosomes on AML cells, residual hematopoietic function, bone marrow microenvironment, immune function, drug resistance in AML patients and its clinical significance.
