The immune system plays an important role in controlling and eradicating tumor cells. In recent years, immunotherapy for tumor has attracted more and more attention, because of its remarkable therapeutic effect. Natural killer (NK) cells are the innate immune system effector cells of the body, which can recognize and kill tumor cells without antigen pre-sensitization. With the in-depth study of the mechanisms of NK cells killing tumor cells, the immunotherapy of tumor cells in hematologic neoplasms based on NK cells has attracted much attention. The chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) technology is a new immunotherapy method to redirect T lymphocytes to target antigens. With the continuous discovery of specific tumor markers and the continuous development of genetic engineering technology, the CAR-T technology becomes more and more mature, and has made new breakthroughs in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms. In recent years, immunocheckpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has become a new hot spot in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms. The immunosuppressive drugs targeting programmed death (PD)-1 and PD ligand (PD-L)1 have shown good efficacy and safety in various tumor clinical trials. In this paper, research progress of NK cell therapy, CAR-T and PD-L and PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy in hematologic neoplasms are reviewed.
