To explore the effects of different light qualities on the morphological and physiological indicators of the Davidia involucrata seedlings, Light Emitting Diode (LED) was used to treat the seedlings under different visible light (white, blue, green, and red). The results showed that the Davidia involucrata seedlings had the lowest height but the highest photosynthetic pigments content under red light treatment; green light significantly reduced leaf width and leaf area of seedlings but significantly increased photosynthetic pigments content; blue light treatment resulted in higher height of seedlings, the highest chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and H2O2 content, but the lowest photosynthetic pigments content and PSⅡ quantum yield; the highest height, lower content of photosynthetic pigment, H2O2 and MDA were found in seedlings irradiated with white light. These results indicated that Davidia involucrata seedlings could form different growth mechanism under different light environment, and adjust their physiological status according to the sensing light quality, and maximize adaptive growth.