This paper investigates the robust consensus problem for uncertain fractional-order multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics. According to the frequency distributed equivalent model of fractional-order systems and the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that under the consensus protocol, the multiple agents in the network can eventually converge to the given objective state when the feedback gain matrix satisfies a certain LMI condition. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method by using the fractional calculus predictor-corrector algorithm.