In order to illustrate the potential applications and superiority of miRNA as a new biological biomarker in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), the current epidemic situation and current diagnosis situation of TB and some specific expressed miRNA in TB had been stated. The high infection rate and mortality rate, and the multiple drug resistance cases seriously imperiled the human public health undertakings. The currently available TB diagnosis technology could not meet the rapid, low cost, noninvasive and easy to promote diagnosis requirement. miRNA as a new biomarkers in the diagnosis of disease such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, pregnancy, mental illness and various infectious diseases had already been investigated. Lots of research results showed that in TB patients miRNA 21, miRNA 29a, miRNA 99b, miRNA 125b, miRNA 144 and miRNA 144*, miRNA 155, miRNA 424 expression up regulated, while miRNA 142 3 p and miRNA 146 expression down regulated, and miRNA 223 and the miRNA let 7 family had differential expression at different positions in TB patients.
