Safe, effective approaches for periodontal regeneration are the focus of scientists research around the periodontal area. Unfortunately, the science of periodontal regeneration is still in its infancy, with all current or emerging therapies having serious limitations. It is believed that the future advances in periodontal regeneration will likely incorporate therapies that mimic critical aspects of natural bone formation processes, using the tool of gene therapy and tissue engineering. This review will summarize current knowledge of gene therapy approaches for periodontal regeneration.