Enterococcus faecalisis the main pathogen of refractory apical periodontitis. Lipoteichoic acid is the main immunogen and an important virulence factor of such infection. Macrophages, which are an important member of the natural immune response, are crucial in phagocytosis of microbes, presentation of antigens and secretion of various cytokines to regulate the inflammatory response of the body. In the long-term interaction with the host macrophages,E. faecalisgradually forms a variety of effective strategies for survival and proliferation. This review focuses on the resistance of macrophages toE. faecalisand the strategies ofE. faecalisto avoid killing macrophages.
