月球原位能源支撑技术探索构想
Conceptualization of In-situ Energy Support Technology on the Moon
作者：谢和平(深圳大学 广东省深地科学与地热能开发利用重点实验室 深地科学与绿色能源研究院 土木与交通工程学院, 广东 深圳 518060;四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 水利水电学院, 四川 成都 610065)；李存宝(深圳大学 广东省深地科学与地热能开发利用重点实验室 深地科学与绿色能源研究院 土木与交通工程学院, 广东 深圳 518060)；孙立成(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 水利水电学院, 四川 成都 610065)；廖家禧(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 水利水电学院, 四川 成都 610065)；杨伟(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 水利水电学院, 四川 成都 610065)；马举昌(河南省农业厅中药材生产技术服务中心, 河南 郑州 450000)；李碧雄(四川大学 建筑与环境学院, 四川 成都 610065)
Author：XIE Heping(Guangdong Provincial Key Lab. of Deep Earth Sci. and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Inst. of Deep Earth Sci. and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Eng., Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen 518060, China;State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；LI Cunbao(Guangdong Provincial Key Lab. of Deep Earth Sci. and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Inst. of Deep Earth Sci. and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Eng., Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen 518060, China)；SUN Lichegn(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；LIAO Jiaxi(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；YANG Wei(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；MA Juchang(Productive Technol. Service Center of Agriculture Dept., Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China)；LI Bixiong(College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)
收稿日期：2020-04-17 年卷（期）页码：2020,52(3):1-9
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：月球;原位能源供给;极大温差;热伏发电;磁浮发电
Key words：moon;in-situ energy supply;huge difference in temperature;thermovoltaic power generation;magnetic levitation power generation
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51827901；51804203）
中文摘要
随着探月工程规模的不断扩大，仅仅依靠太阳能电池或小型放射性同位素电源将难以为月基活动提供充足持续的能源供应，研发月球原位能源供给技术是各类月基活动的关键基础。月球表面昼夜温差极大且当月壤月岩埋深超过1 m时，月壤月岩层的温度基本恒定。本文基于月壤和月岩恒温层与月球表面存在巨大温差的特性，提出了利用该温差进行发电的月基原位能源支撑技术构想，设计了月球温差热电材料热伏发电技术和月球温差磁悬浮发电技术及实施构想。月球温差热电材料热伏发电系统直接利用热电材料实现昼夜连续工作的热电转换，该装置设计有由热管相连的3层均热板，解决月壤表层导热性差带来的换热不足问题，将月表辐射能（白天）以及月壤的热能（夜晚）连续转化为电能，几乎可以满足所有空间能源系统的需求。月球温差磁悬浮发电系统利用热管将月壤中的热量传入发生器，将循环工质加热蒸发，在磁悬浮透平发电机中做功发电，循环工质在表面换热器中与太空进行辐射换热而冷凝，经工质泵加压后回流到发生器再次吸收热管热量进行循环发电，从而将月球表面与月球月岩恒温层之间的温差转换为电能。两类月基温差发电技术具有无机械摩擦、效率高、寿命长、质量轻的优点，可为探月活动原位能源供给提供相关技术支撑。
英文摘要
As the scale of lunar exploration projects continues to expand, it is difficult to provide sufficient and sustainable energy supply for all activities on the moon just relying on the solar cells or small radioisotope power sources. The development of lunar in-situ energy supply technology is the key foundation of various lunar-based activities. The temperature difference between the day and night on the lunar surface is extremely large, while the temperature of the lunar rock layer is basically constant with a depth of more than 1 m. Based on the characteristics of the huge temperature difference between the lunar soil and rock constant temperature layer and the lunar surface, a conceptualization of lunar-based in-situ energy support technology that can use the temperature difference to generate electricity was proposed. The design and implementation of lunar thermoelectric materials thermovoltaic power generation technology and lunar magnetic levitation power generation technology were developed. The lunar thermoelectric material thermovoltaic power generation system directly used the thermoelectric materials to realize the thermoelectric conversion. The device was designed with three layers of soaking plates connected by heat pipes, which solved the problem of insufficient heat transfer caused by the poor thermal conductivity of the lunar regolith or rock. The lunar surface radiant energy (daytime) and lunar soil heat energy (night) were continuously converted into electrical energy. The lunar magnetic levitation power generation system and technology used the heat pipe to transfer heat in the lunar regolith to the generator, in which the circulating working fluid was heated and evaporated, then the magnetic levitation turbine generator worked to generate electricity. After that, the circulating working fluid was condensed by radiative heat exchange between the surface heat exchanger and space. Working fluid would be pressurized back to the generator by the pump, and it absorbed the heat pipe heat again to cycle power generation. Based on this methodology, the lunar magnetic levitation power generation system converted the temperature difference between the lunar surface and the lunar moon rock constant temperature layer into electrical energy. Those two types of power generation technologies have the advantages of no mechanical friction, high efficiency, long life and light weight, which can provide technical supports for the in-situ energy supply of lunar exploration activities.
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