ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the oral health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly in Chengdu and analyze the influencing factors.MethodsSix hundred middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu were randomly selected, and their demographic and social characteristics, general health status, oral health behavior, and other information were investigated. The oral health-related quality of life of these individuals was evaluated using the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14).ResultsThe score of oral health-related quality of life was 3.91±6.67, and regression analysis results indicated that its influencing factors included income level (OR=0.387,P<0 .05), chronic diseases (or="0.665,P<0 .05), oral diseases (or="0.260,P<0 .05), self-evaluation of mental health status (or="0.338,P<0 .05), brushing teeth twice a day (or="1.846,P<0 .05), smoking (or="0.566,P<0 .05), oral health awareness (or="2.431,P<0 .05), and convenience of medical treatment (or="0.499,P<0 .05).ConclusionOral health-related quality of life is affected by multiple factors. Comprehensive oral intervention measures should be actively carried out to improve the oral health behavior of residents and oral health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people in communities.