Objective To investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of ShenFu Injection on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods Twenty-eight adult male Wister rats were randomized into 4 groups （n=7）: control group，paclitaxel group，paclitaxel combined with low or high dose of ShenFu Injection groups. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with paclitaxel 8 mg/kg every 4 d for a total of 4 doses except control group. From Day 1 of the experiment (injection), low dose (4 mL/kg) and high dose (8 mL/kg) of Shenfu Injection were intraperitoneally injected daily in the combination groups for a total of 21 d respectively, while normal saline (NS) was injected in control group in the same way instead. Mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal withdraw latency (TWL） of rats’ hind paw were measured before (0 d) and after the first injection (6 d, 14 d). The level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the serum was measured at 22 d before the euthanasia, and the ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results The MWT and TWL of 14 d in paclitaxel group significantly increased compared with those of 0 d and control group (PPP＞0.05）. Compared with control group, the serum NGF level significantly decreased （PP
