A mathematical model was established to study the brake characteristic of pneumatic disc brake based on the quality-alterable air’s thermodynamics and dynamic law. Based on the model, the braking were processes simulated by AMESim and learnt by experimentations. The result indicated that the model was accurate to reflect the braking pressure. After the braking pressure passing the flex point at the end of abruptly jump, it will increase slowly to goal. The responding time of pressure stroke and exhaust stroke are about 0.5s and 0.3s respectively. The pneumatic disc brake could meet the requirements of drill speed and bit weight fine regulation by rational control strategy. The model can also provide a valid theoretical basis for design and technical transformation of the pneumatic disc brake.