Hydraulic servo control systems mostly adopt servo valve and proportional valve as control components, which has the advantages of high power to weight ratio, high accuracy and fast response, and is widely used in industry, agriculture, light textile industry and transportation. However, the structure of servo valve and proportional valve is complex, the cost is high, and the quality of oil are required. Adopting incremental digital valve with the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-pollution ability and convenient maintenance as the control component of servo control system has a wide application prospect. This paper took the incremental digital valve controlled cylinder position control system as research object. First, based on the structure and the operating principle of the incremental digital valve, the mathematical model of the position control system was established. And based on MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation model of the position control system was established. Then, the dynamic performance of the incremental digital valve controlled cylinder position control system with different input signals and structural parameters were compared and analyzed through simulation. Finally, the incremental digital valve-controlled cylinder position control system experiment platform was built to test the dynamic performance under different working conditions. Through combining simulation with experiment, the feasibility of incremental digital valve principle was verified, the dynamic response ability of the incremental digital valve control cylinder position control system under different conditions was analysis, and the main factors influencing the dynamic response ability were found, which provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the structure improvement of incremental digital valve and the dynamic performance optimization.