基于立体视觉的数字图像相关方法在爆破抛掷作用研究中的应用
Application of Digital Image Correlation Method Based on Stereo Vision in Blasting Throwing Effect
作者：崔新男(中国矿业大学（北京） 力学与建筑工程学院，北京 100083)；汪旭光(中国矿业大学（北京） 力学与建筑工程学院，北京 100083;北京矿冶科技集团有限公司，北京 100160)；王尹军(北京矿冶科技集团有限公司，北京 100160)；张小军(北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083)
Author：CUI Xinnan(School of Mechanics and Civil Eng., China Univ. of Mining and Technol. (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)；WANG Xuguang(School of Mechanics and Civil Eng., China Univ. of Mining and Technol. (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;BGRIMM Technol. Group, Beijing 100160, China)；WANG Yinjun(BGRIMM Technol. Group, Beijing 100160, China)；ZHANG Xiaojun(School of Civil and Resource Eng., Univ. of Science and Technol. Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)
收稿日期：2019-05-11 年卷（期）页码：2020,52(1):102-109
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：数字图像相关;抛掷作用;立体视觉;爆破飞石
Key words：digital image correlation;throwing effect;stereo vision;blasting flyrock
基金项目：中国工程院咨询研究项目（2018-XY-12）
中文摘要
爆破抛掷物能否按照设计运动直接决定着爆破工程的成败。为进一步研究爆破抛掷作用过程，量化研究抛掷物运动状态，采用数字图像相关和立体视觉原理，建立爆破抛掷物运动观测系统。应用该系统观测混凝土模型爆破试验过程，通过数字图像相关匹配算法进行抛掷物的跟踪；通过立体视觉技术计算抛掷物3维运动轨迹坐标，进而得到其运动速度。结果表明，抛掷物的运动过程可分为整体加速运动和分散减速运动两个阶段。第1阶段：在爆生气体推动下，抛掷物以一整体做加速运动，此阶段持续时间9 ms，在6.5 ms时抛掷物脱离爆破漏斗，最大速度可达16.63～19.65 m/s。第2阶段：抛掷物逐渐破裂，分散成块，处于不同区域、不同形状的碎块运动状态均不同。表面碎块的速度最大，可达26.24 m/s，是潜在的爆破飞石，其只受到重力和空气阻力作用，做减速运动；中下部碎块在残余气体推动下，同样做减速运动，但减速缓慢，速度为9～16 m/s；薄片状碎块在飞行中不断翻转，消耗自身动能，其中速度最小的仅为5～6 m/s。整体运动阶段简单，而分散运动过程较复杂，除爆破参数、介质自身性质外，抛掷物碎块的形状、所处位置也会影响其运动状态，抛掷物表面碎块速度最大，更易形成爆破飞石。本文为量化研究爆破抛掷作用和预测爆破飞石提供了一种有效的方法。
英文摘要
Whether the blasting throwing object can move in accordance with design directly determines the success or failure of the blasting project. For further investigating the motion process of blasting throwing object, a new quantitative motion measurement system for blasting throwing effect based on digital image correlation and stereo vision was established in this paper. This system was used in several concrete model blasting tests for blasting throwing object tracking and observing. The throwing fragments were tracked by using digital image correlation matching algorithm and their special coordinates were calculated with stereo vison principle. Then, the trajectory and velocity of each fragment were obtained. The result showed that the motion process of blasting throwing object can be divided into two stages: The integral accelerating stage and dispersive decelerating stage. In the first stage, the thrust from explosion gas accelerated the integral throwing object with a maximum velocity of 16.63～19.65 m/s. The termination of this stage was about 9 ms and the throwing object detached from the concrete model within 6.5 ms. In the second stage, the throwing object falled into fragments which decelerate separately. The motion process of each fragment varied from each other because of its location and shape. Fragments on the surface were the potential blasting flyrocks as they had the largest velocity up to 26.24 m/s. These fragments decelerated under gravity and air resistance. Fragments in the middle or lower place decelerated under gravity, air resistance and thrust from the residual explosion gas with a lower deceleration. And the velocity of these fragments was 9～16 m/s. The flaky shaped fragments had the lowest velocity with 5～6 m/s as they were spinning constantly during the motion process which consumed their kinetic energy. The integral motion was simple and the dispersive motion was complicated. In addition to the blasting parameters and characters of the medium itself, the shape and location of the throwing fragment will also influence its motion process. Fragments on the surface had the largest velocity and were easier to form blasting flyrocks. An effective new method for blasting throwing effect research and flyrock prediction was provided in this paper.
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