基于烦恼率模型的爆破振动舒适性评价方法
Evaluation Method of Blasting Vibration Comfort on Basis of Annoyance Rate
作者：姚强(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065;四川大学 水利水电学院，四川 成都 610065)；杨兴国(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065;四川大学 水利水电学院，四川 成都 610065)；柴明海(四川大学 水利水电学院，四川 成都 610065)；李洪涛(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065;四川大学 水利水电学院，四川 成都 610065)
Author：YAO Qiang(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China;College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；YANG Xingguo(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China;College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；CHAI Minghai(College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；LI Hongtao(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China;College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)
收稿日期：2019-02-15 年卷（期）页码：2020,52(1):82-90
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：水电工程;爆破振动;舒适性;加速度;烦恼率;评价方法
Key words：hydroelectric project;blasting vibration;annoyance rate;acceleration;annoyance rate;evaluation method
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51809188）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1508500；2018YFC1505400）
中文摘要
随着水利、铁路、公路和城市建设等工程越来越多，邻近人群聚居区的爆破作业日益增多，由爆破作业诱发的爆破地震效应所导致的居民的抱怨、投诉和民事纠纷也日益增多。爆破作业产生的振动会对临近建筑物的舒适性造成影响，由此引起居民的烦恼效应、惊扰效应和对建筑物破坏的担忧。利用建立在心理物理学方法上的烦恼率计算方法定量评价爆破振动舒适度问题，针对目前实践中大多是开展爆破质点振动速度历程监测而非加速度监测的现状，给出了一种基于爆破振动速度推求加速度的四点向前差分方法。根据人体对不同方向、不同频率范围和不同振动持续时间爆破振动的敏感程度不同，对振动加速度按不同方向进行频率计权与时间计权以获得计权均方根加速度，再计算3个方向的折算总计权均方根加速度并应用于烦恼率模型。结合某水电工程基坑爆破开挖工程，获得了39组爆破质点振动速度监测数据和舒适性调查数据。通过对比分析可知：39次试验中居民没有明显反应的场次为23，对应最大烦恼率上限约为0.06；居民有反应的场次为11，对应的烦恼率取值范围约为0.077～0.164；居民出现激烈反应的场次为5，烦恼率值约为0.17～0.31。综合爆破振动的特点，建议以烦恼率不大于0.07作为设计爆破方案的依据和控制标准，可有效减少居民对爆破振动的抱怨和投诉。
英文摘要
With the increasing number of projects such as water conservancy, railway, highway and urban construction, more and more blasting projects are being carried out in neighboring populated areas. The seismic effect created by blasting operations vibrates adjacent buildings and disturbs residents living in these buildings, and the resulting residents’ annoyance effect, disturb effect and worrying about the damage of the building, often lead to disputes and complaints. Annoyance rate used in psychophysics is applied in quantitative evaluation of blasting vibration comfort. In view of the fact that the blasting particle vibration velocity is mostly monitored rather than accelerated in practice, the vibration acceleration was calculated using the wavelet denoising-based four-point forward difference method based on the measured blasting vibration velocities. According to the sensitivity of human body to blasting vibration in different directions, different frequency ranges and vibration duration, the weighted RMS acceleration was obtained by weighting the vibration acceleration, and then the conversion total weighted RMS acceleration in three directions was applied to the annoyance rate model. Combined the site blasting vibration monitoring data in a hydropower project and the results of field survey, thirty-nine groups of monitoring data and comfort investigation data were obtained. Through comparative analysis, 23 of the 39 surveys the residents showed no obvious response, and the corresponding maximum annoyance rate was about 0.06. A total of 11 surveys the residents showed obvious response, and the corresponding annoyance rate ranged from 0.077 to 0.164. A total of 5 surveys the residents reacted intensely, and the annoyance rate reached about 0.17～0.31. Considering the characteristics of blasting vibration, it is suggested that the annoyance rate should be less than 0.07 as the basis for choosing blasting design scheme and the upper limit of control, which can effectively reduce the complaints of residents about blasting vibration.
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