堰塞湖风险评估快速检测与应急抢险技术和装备研发研究构想与成果展望

The dammed lake disasters in China are characterized by high frequency, wide distribution, large number of affected people and great economic loss. Hence, promoting the ability of dammed lake disaster prevention, reduction and relief is a major national need. At present, the rapid risk assessment and emergency rescue technology and equipment research of dammed lake in China still remain in the initial and exploration stage. Theoretically, the formation and outburst mechanisms of dammed lakes are not clearly revealed. Technically, the rapid risk assessment method and emergency rescue equipment cannot provide strong scientific and technological support for the emergency rescue of dammed lakes. Modern geology, hydro-sediment dynamics and informatics were integrated in this research to study the risk assessment and emergency rescue of dammed lakes. This research aimed to solve the following two scientific problems:1) the formation mechanism of dammed lake based on the slope geology condition and sliding process analysis;2) the outburst mechanism of dammed lake under different structure and environment condition. The following four key technologies were expected to be solved:1) rapid sensing of multi-source information of dammed lake, dynamic identification and structural detection technology;2) simulation technology on outburst process of dammed lake based on sand-carrying flow;3) risk assessment technology of dammed lake disaster considering structural morphological elements;4) efficient drainage and dredging technology of dammed lake and flow channel control technology. This research aimed to reveal the formation and outburst mechanism, build the risk assessment theory system of dammed lake, and finally develop the emergency treatment technology and equipment of dammed lake via conducting the following studies:1) formation process of dammed lake and the mechanism and process of dam outburst;2) fast sensing and detection of multi-source information;3) emergency monitoring and early warning;4) risk assessment of dammed lake;5) emergency disposal technology for dammed lakes with high risk;6) research and development of key emergency equipment. It is hoped that the collaborative researches in this research can significantly improve the level of emergency disposal and rescue of China's dammed lakes, and provide science and technology support for the safety of people's lives and properties.