In order to take advantage of agricultural residues, a new type of wall material with good comprehensive properties was developed. The mix proportion of straw fiber reinforced concrete was studied. The mechanical and physical properties of new straw fiber solid concrete brick (NSFCB) and general solid concrete brick (GCB) were studied. The compressive strength of straw fiber reinforced concrete was tested. Compression tests on the largest face, flexure tests, heat insulation tests and dry shrinkage tests of solid bricks were respectively carried out. The compressive stress-strain curves and early dry shrinkage ratio-time curves of bricks were analyzed by function fitting. The results showed that the effects of calcium chloride and kaolin on strengthening the strength of straw fiber reinforced concrete were obvious. The compressive strength on the largest face and flexural strength of NSFCB were respectively reduced by 28.5% and 6.8% due to straw fiber. However, the ratio of flexural strength to compression strength of NSFCB was improved 30.5%, and it was better than GCB in the ductility. The improved rational fraction was sufficiently suitable for the compression stress-strain test curves of brick, and adjusted coefficient of determination was almost close to 1. NSFCB was outstanding in heat insulation performance, and the average thermal conductivity was decreased by 18.9%. The drying shrinkage ratio of NSFCB changed little after 7 days, and dry shrinkage performance of NSFCB was good. Early dry shrinkage ration-time test curve of NSFCB that fitted by hyperbolic function possessed a high fitting degree, and there was no significant difference in population distribution.
