锦屏Ⅰ级水电站主-支库耦合的水温及水动力特性研究
Water Temperature and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Main and Branch Reservoirs in Jinping Ⅰ
作者：杨颜菁(四川大学 水力学及山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；邓云(四川大学 水力学及山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；薛文豪(中国电建集团 西北勘测设计研究院有限公司, 陕西 西安 710065)；何天福(四川大学 水力学及山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；脱友才(四川大学 水力学及山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)
Author：YANG Yanjing(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；DENG Yun(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；XUE Wenhao(Northwest Engineering Co. Ltd., Power China, Xi'an 710065, China)；HE Tianfu(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；TUO Youcai(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)
收稿日期：2018-01-15 年卷（期）页码：2018,50(5):94-101
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：锦屏Ⅰ级;水库水温;支库;分层流
Key words：JinpingⅠ;reservoir water temperature;branch reservoir;stratified density flow
基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0502202）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（91547211）
中文摘要
支流流量较大时，干支库水体交换复杂，互耦作用明显，为探究主-支库耦合的水库水温分层特性和汇口处水动力特征，作者采用立面2维水温数学模型对锦屏Ⅰ级主库及支库水温进行了反演。结果表明模型对锦屏Ⅰ级水库主-支库耦合的库区垂向水温结构以及下泄水温过程模拟效果良好。采用水体稳定系数分析主库及支库的分层时空变化特性，锦屏Ⅰ级主、支库库区水温总体呈稳定分层状态，主库变动回水区在6-9月垂向混合均匀，在10月-翌年2月水体分层强度均大于库区断面，库区呈现6-8月分层强度大于9月-翌年5月的规律；支库水温结构类似，但分层强度总体大于主库，纵向尺度上呈现库尾到汇口分层逐渐减弱的规律。由于小金河支流流量较大，锦屏Ⅰ级主库对支库的倒灌呈现明显季节性变化，倒灌主要发生在Fr数较小的6-7月，其分层异向流动明显，主支库水体交换显著；汛期随着支流流量增大，Fr数增大，支流由库区中上层流出，受主库倒灌影响较小；枯水期，分层异向流动弱，主库与支库之间水体交换较小；水位消落期则没有明显的倒灌。
英文摘要
When the flow rate of the tributary is large, the water exchange between main stream and tributary is complex and the interconnections is obvious. In order to explore the characteristics of water temperature stratification in both the main and branch reservoirs and hydrodynamics near the junction, a laterally 2-D water temperature model is developed, which is verified by the water temperature data of the Jinping Ⅰ Reservoir. The simulation shows good agreement with the observation on the vertical water temperature of the main and branch reservoirs and the temperature of discharged water. The water stability coefficient is used to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of reservoir temperature, which shows that temperature is stably-stratified in Jinping Ⅰ reservoir. In the fluctuating backwater area of the main reservoir, temperature is well-mixed vertically from June to September, but it is strongly stratified from October to February of the next year. The stratification intensity of the branch reservoir was stronger than that of the main reservoir, and the stratification was gradually weakening in longitudinal direction when approaching the conjuction. Meanwhile, due to the large flow rate of the tributary of Jinping Ⅰ Reservoir, the backward flow from main to branch reservoir shows obvious seasonal changes. The backward flow mainly occurred from June to July with a small Froude number, and the stratification of density current was obvious. During the flood season, with the flow rate and Froude number increasing, the tributary flow is mainly discharged from the upper and middle layers of the reservoir, and there is less backward flow from the main reservoir. During the dry season, owing to the slow velocity and weak stratification in the reservoir, the water exchange between the main and branch reservoir is not obvious. There is no obvious backward flow when the water level falls down.
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