The anchoring problem of large-tonnage CFRP cable for the long-span cable-stayed bridge and the special installation problems caused by long-cables were studied. The nonlinear model of the anchorage system with variable stiffness of load transfer component (LTC) and the installation system of stayed cable had been established by finite element simulation. The performance of the LTC was optimized, including the elastic modulus, the length, the internal taper and the thickness at loading end and the interfacial friction coefficient, and its strength was evaluated. For cable installation, the key parameters was studied, including the correction angle, the difference of cable force at two ends of the cables and the deformation of the cables, and the installation parameters of steel cable and CFRP cable with the length of 1 085 m was compared. The results show that the stress concentration in anchor zone is reduced by the variable stiffness of the LTC. Based on the material requirements of each part, the design parameters of anchorage system of CFRP cable with 15 000 kN are obtained. The steel sleeve needs a length of 1 000 mm, a diameter of 424 mm, a wall thickness of 40 mm and an internal taper of 5° by 45#high-strength structural steel; the radius of load transfer material at loading end is 40 mm, and the elastic modulus of each section ranges from 1 to 2 GPa (LTC-1), 4 to 7 GPa (LTC-2), 15 to 25 GPa (LTC-3), and 30 to 40 GPa (LTC-4). The selection of load transfer materials for each section is a mixture of resin and quartz sand (LTC-1 and LTC-2), polymer mortar or high performance concrete (LTC-3 and LTC-4). The installation correction angle, the difference of cable force in both ends of the cable and the deformation of the cable are obtained for the cable installation. The difference of CFRP and steel cable in anchoring force between the main tower and the main girder, CFRP cable of the longest is 1/6 of that of steel cable. The relationship between anchorage correction angle and the cable length is positively correlated, and the correction angle for CFRP cable is only 1/4 than that of steel cable. Compared with steel cable, the CFRP cables have smaller sag, and the correction angle is reduced by 1°, which benefits the cable installation.