总溶解气体渐变饱和度下齐口裂腹鱼的耐受特征
Tolerance of Schizothorax Prenanti to Gradually Varied Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation
作者：冀前锋(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；王远铭(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；梁瑞峰(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；李永(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；冯镜洁(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；王旭(天津农学院 水利工程学院, 天津 300384)；李克锋(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)
Author：JI Qianfeng(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；WANG Yuanming(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；LIANG Ruifeng(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；LI Yong(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；FENG Jingjie(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；WANG Xu(College of Water Conservancy Eng., Tianjin Agricultural Univ., Tianjin 300384, China)；LI Kefeng(State Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)
收稿日期：2018-11-29 年卷（期）页码：2019,51(3):130-137
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：总溶解气体过饱和;渐变;长江中上游;齐口裂腹鱼;耐受性
Key words：total dissolved gas supersaturation;variation;middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River;Schizothorax prenanti;tolerance
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401710）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51809186）
中文摘要
高坝泄水产生的总溶解气体（total dissolved gas，TDG）过饱和会使下游鱼类患气泡病甚至死亡。为减缓TDG过饱和对鱼类的影响，有必要探究河流中鱼类对TDG过饱和的耐受性。针对河道中TDG过饱和变化特征，以长江上游特有的齐口裂腹鱼为研究对象，通过室内试验开展了TDG过饱和恒定胁迫和TDG过饱和渐变式胁迫下齐口裂腹鱼的耐受性研究，并利用半致死时间评价试验鱼在各工况下对过饱和TDG的耐受性，利用生存分析方法来分析不同试验工况结果的差异性。结果表明：齐口裂腹鱼在TDG饱和度维持在120%下胁迫24 h，其半致死时间为27.7 h；在TDG饱和度时均值相近的情况下，受TDG过饱和110%～130%渐变式胁迫24 h试验鱼的半致死时间较TDG过饱和120%恒定胁迫24 h降低58.2%，而先承受115%TDG过饱和胁迫72 h后，再经历110%～130%渐变式胁迫24 h的试验鱼较TDG过饱和恒定胁迫24 h降低了72.5%；低水平TDG过饱和胁迫对齐口裂腹鱼具有一定的损伤作用，与健康试验鱼直接进行110%～130%渐变式胁迫24 h相比，先经历115%TDG过饱和胁迫72 h后再受TDG过饱和渐变式胁迫24 h，试验鱼的半致死时间降低25.4%；齐口裂腹鱼在TDG过饱和恒定胁迫和TDG过饱和渐变式胁迫下均会患气泡病，症状以胸鳍气泡、背鳍气泡、尾鳍气泡较为明显。研究揭示了TDG过饱和渐变条件下齐口裂腹鱼的耐受性和气泡病特征，有助于下一步开展水库生态调度优化方案研究及鱼类受TDG胁迫的气泡病响应研究。
英文摘要
The supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) generated by high dam discharge can cause downstream fish develop bubble disease or even suffer death. In order to alleviate the impact of TDG supersaturation on fish, it is necessary to study the tolerance characteristics of fish in river to TDG supersaturation. According to the characteristics of TDG supersaturation in river, the tolerance of fish under constant TDG supersaturation and gradually varied TDG supersaturation was studied in laboratory.Schizothorax prenanti, a rare and endemic species in the upper Yangtze River, was chosen as object in this study. Median lethal time (LT50) was used to evaluate the tolerance ofSchizothorax prenantito supersaturated TDG under different conditions, and survival analysis method was used to analyze the difference of experiments under different conditions. The results showed that theLT50were 27.7 h under the condition of TDG supersaturation at 120%. TheLT50of the experimental fish under gradually varied TDG supersaturation (110%~130%) was 58.2% lower than that under constant TDG supersaturation, although they have same mean value of TDG.LT50of the experimental fish with a history of 72 h pre-exposure (115% TDG) was 72.5% lower than that under constant TDG supersaturation, after they underwent a gradually varied TDG supersaturation (110%~130%) stress for 24 h. Low-level TDG supersaturation stress had certain damage to experimental fish. Compared to the healthy experimental fish directly subjected to gradually varied TDG supersaturation,LT50of those with a history of TDG pre-exposure reduced by 25.4%. Bubble disease occurred inSchizothorax prenantiboth under constant TDG supersaturation and gradually varied TDG supersaturation stress. The mainly symptoms of bubble disease in experimental fish were pectoral, dorsal and caudal bubbles. The study revealed the tolerance and bubble disease characteristics ofSchizothorax prenantiunder the gradually varied TDG supersaturation, which was helpful for the next study of reservoir ecological scheduling and bubble response of fish to TDG supersaturation stress.
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