To study the influence of temperature on the modes of two-tooth difference swing-rod movable teeth transmission structure, the temperature field and the thermal stress of the central wheel of the transmission were analyzed.On the basis of thermal structure coupling analysis of two-tooth difference swing-rod movable teeth transmission, modal analysis of the cental wheel was carried out. The results of modal analysis under different working conditions were compared, and the influence of temperature field on the modes of the central wheel of the transmission was investigated. The results showed that the natural frequencies of the central wheel are influenced in different degrees by the change of mechanical properties of the materials caused by temperature change, and that the natural frequency variation caused by thermal stress is less than that caused by changes in mechanical properties of materials. The analysis results are in accord with the actual working conditions,provide a theoretical basis for vibration reliability design and dynamic characteristics´research of two-tooth difference swing-rod movable teeth transmission.