纳博科夫小说中的诺斯替主义
Gnosticism in Nabokov's Fiction
作者：王安;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2014,192(03):-70-76
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：纳博科夫;小说;诺斯替主义
Key words：
基金项目：2012年度国家社会科学基金项目“图像叙事研究——以美国现代文学为例”(12BWW003);;
2012年度四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项杰出青年基金(skqx201208)
中文摘要
纳博科夫小说中有着神秘的诺斯替主义主题,它强调彼岸与世界、世界与人的二元对立。彼岸完美自足地在人类之上存在,世界则如牢狱,充满荒诞、邪恶、黑暗与暴政。人本质上不属于世界,而是来自彼岸的异乡人。他借助神秘的灵知,摆脱黑暗世界的暴政,实现灵魂的升华,回归自由的彼岸。纳博科夫的小说表现的正是对黑暗世界的鞭挞、对彼岸的向往以及人类凭借灵知获得拯救的诺斯替主义主题。
参考文献
①D.Barton Johnson,Worlds in Regression:Some Novels of Vladimir Nabokov,Ann Arbor:Ardis,1985,pp.2-5;Sergey Davydov,“Invitation to a Beheading,”in The Garland Companion to Vladimir Nabokov,ed.Vladimir E.Alexandrov,New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1995,p.191;Leona Toker,Nabokov:The Mystery of Literary Structures,Ithaca&London:Cornell University Press,1989,p.4.
②David M.Bethea,“Style,”in The Garland Companion to Vladimir Nabokov,p.701.
③参见笔者所著《〈斩首之邀〉中的诺斯替主义》,《俄罗斯文艺》2007年第4期。
④诺斯(gnosis)即苏格拉底著名的“认识你自己”中的“认识”一词,学界又译“灵知”。“诺斯替主义”,源于希腊文的gnostikos(gnostics),即拥有gnosis、拥有知识的人。参见约纳斯等著:《灵知主义与现代性》,刘小枫选编,张新樟等译,上海:华东师范大学出版社,2005年,“前言”第2页。
⑤Karen L.King,What Is Gnosticism,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2003,p.7.
①See John Glyndwr Harris,Gnosticism:Beliefs and Practices,Portland:Sussex Academic Press,1999,pp.87-116;King,What is Gnosticism,pp.7-12;Kurt Rudolph,Gnosis:The Nature and History of Gnosticism,Edinburgh:T&T Clark Ltd.,1983,pp.53-203;Stephan A.Hoeller,Gnosticism:New Light on the Ancient Tradition of Inner Knowing,Wheaton:First Quest,2002,pp.1-70.
②Vladimir Nabokov,Invitation to a Beheading,New York:G.P.Putnams Sons,1959,p.72.
③Brian Boyd,Vladimir Nabokov:The Russian Years,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1990,p.72.
④Chimera,即希腊神话中狮头、羊身、蛇尾的吐火女怪,诺斯替教中的德穆革正是一个“狮头蛇尾”的怪物。参见Birger A.Pearson,Ancient Gnosticism:Traditions and Literature,Minneapolis:Fortress Press,2007,pp.110-111.
⑤Vladimir Nabokov,Speak,Memory,New York:Pyramid Books,1966,p.29.
⑥Vladimir E.Alexandrov,Nabokovs Otherworld,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1991,pp.3-4.
⑦汉斯·约纳斯:《诺斯替宗教》,张新樟译,上海:上海三联书店,2006年,第45页。
⑧Julian W.Connolly,ed.,Nabokov and His Fiction:New Perspectives,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999,p.2.
⑨See Andrew Field,Nabokov:His Life in Part,New York:Viking Press,1977,p.87.
Alexandrov,Nabokovs Otherworld,pp.3-4.
①Field,Nabokov:His Life in Part,p.87.
②See Jane Grayson,Arnold McMillin and Priscilla Meyer,eds.,Nabokovs World,Vol.1:The Shape of Nabokovs World,New York:Palgrave,2002,p.10.
③在其所有作品中,读者均能轻易地找到与之类似的单词:there,hereafter,the other world,afterlife,the beyond,other states of being,the next dimension,等等。
④Vladimir Nabokov,Lectures on Literature,ed.Fredson Bowers,A Harvest/HBJ Book,1980,p.377.
⑤See Boyd,Vladimir Nabokov:The Russian Years,p.292.
⑥Nabokov,Speak,Memory,p.213.
⑦Vladimir Nabokov,Pale Fire,New York:First Vintage International Edition,1989,p.63.
⑧Vladimir Nabokov,The Original of Laura,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,2008,p.215.
⑨Vladimir Nabokov,Look at the Harlequins!New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1974,p.74.
Nabokov,Invitation to a Beheading,pp.94-95.
①Nabokov,Speak,Memory,p.14.
②Davydov,“Invitation to a Beheading,”p.192.
③Nabokov,Pale Fire,p.92.
④Nabokov,Invitation to a Beheading,p.91.
⑤Vladimir Nabokov,Strong Opinions,New York:McGraw-Hill,1973,p.45.
⑥Davydov,“Invitation to a Beheading,”p.201.
⑦Vladimir Nabokov,The Eye,New York:Phaedra Publishers,Inc.,1965,pp.28-29.
①Nabokov,Strong Opinions,pp.32,78.
②Nabokov,Pale Fire,p.116.
③Vladimir Nabokov,Despair,New York:First Vintage International Edition,1989,pp.46,101.
④Vladimir Nabokov,Pnin,New York:First Vintage International Edition,1989,p.136.
⑤Vladimir Nabokov,The Annotated Lolita,ed.Alfred Appel,Jr.,New York:First Vintage Books Edition,1991,p.62.
⑥Vladimir Nabokov,Ada or Ardor:A Family Chronicle,New York,Toronto:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1969,pp.33,559.
⑦Nabokov,Strong Opinions,pp.47,156.
⑧Nabokov,Invitation to a Beheading,p.91
⑨Vladimir Nabokov,Glory,New York:McGraw-Hill International,Inc.,1971,p.49.
①Vladimir Nabokov,The Real Life of Sebastian Knight,Norfolk,Conn.:New Directions,1959,p.66.
②Nabokov,Invitation to a Beheading,p.36.
③Brian Boyd,Nabokovs Pale Fire:The Magic of Artistic Discovery,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1999,p.173.
④Nabokov,Strong Opinions,pp.40,227.
⑤Nabokov,Lectures on Literature,p.377.
⑥Nabokov,The Annotated Lolita,pp.314-315.
⑦Vladimir Nabokov,The Gift,New York:G.P.Putnams Sons,1963,pp.374-378.
⑧Vladimir Nabokov,Bend Sinister,London:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1960,p.210.
⑨Vladimir Nabokov,Transparent Things,New York:First Vintage International Edition,1989,pp.7-8.
①Nabokov,Lectures on Literature,p.181.
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