西方马克思主义科幻批评流派的乌托邦视野
The Utopian Vision of the Marxist Science Fiction Criticism
作者：黎婵;石坚;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2013,(05):-65-72
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：乌托邦;科幻;布洛赫;苏恩文;詹姆逊
Key words：
基金项目：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项(skq201243);;
四川大学哲学社会科学青年基金项目
中文摘要
西方马克思主义科幻批评流派在美国和加拿大兴起至今已有40年,它是西方新马克思主义发展的内在组成部分,体现了新左派思想的深刻文学根源。理解该流派纷纭观点的关键是了解其乌托邦视野,它准确捕捉了科幻对现实说"不"的反抗精神,并起码具有阐释学和文类两种含义。该流派以苏恩文和詹姆逊为代表的乌托邦思想可追溯到布洛赫,主要涉及阐释学意义上乌托邦冲动与乌托邦总体的性质与区别。在乌托邦文类的阐释方面,"中立化"替代了传统的"理想的社会蓝图"的概念,并发展为强调其形式上总体化差异的乌托邦文类辩证法,同时乌托邦写作在19世纪末期发生的科幻转向使其摆脱了单一化乌托邦冲动的质疑。
参考文献
①详见弗雷德里克·詹姆逊、何卫华、朱国华:《图绘世界——弗雷德里克·詹姆逊访谈录》,《当代外语研究》
①See Edward James,“Before the Novum:The Prehistory of Science Fiction Criticism,”in Patrick Parrinder,ed.,Learning from Other Worlds,Durham:Duke University Press,2001,pp.19-35.
②Darko Suvin,Positions and Presuppositions in Science Fiction,Basingstoke:the Macmillan Press,Ltd.1988,p.66.
③Damien Broderick,Reading by Starlight:Postmodern Science Fiction,New York:Routledge,1995,p.32.
④See James,“Before the Novum,”p.31.
⑤See Parrinder,“Revisiting Suvins Poetics of Science Fiction,”in Learning from Other Worlds,pp.41,45,46.
⑥Darko Suvin,“On Cognitive Emotions and Topological Imagination,”Versus,Vol.68/69,1994,p.191.
①See Carl Freedman,“Science Fiction and Utopia:A Historico-Philosophical Overview,”in Learning from Other Worlds,p.72.
②Frederic Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future:The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions,London,New York:Verso,2005,p.1.
③Ernst Bloch,The Principle of Hope,trans.Neville Plaice,Stephen Plaice and Paul Knight,3vols,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1986,p.1358.
④See Freedman,“Science Fiction and Utopia,”in Learning from the Other Worlds,pp.73-74.
⑤詹明信:《马克思主义与历史主义》,见《晚期资本主义的文化逻辑》,北京:三联书店,1997年,第192页。
⑥Darko Suvin,Metamorphoses of Science Fiction:On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre,New Haven and London:Yale University Press,1979,p.62.
①Darko Suvin,Metamorphoses of Science Fiction:On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre,pp.62,81-82.
②See Darko Suvin,“Novum Is as Novum Does,”Foundation,Vol.69,Spring 1997,pp.37,39.
③Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,pp.288-289,287.
④See Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,pp.6-7.
①Bloch,The Principle of Hope,p.446.
②Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,pp.118-120.
③Suvin,Metamorphoses of Science Fiction,p.64.
④See Tom Moylan,Demand the Impossible:Science Fiction and the Utopian Imagination,New York:Methuen,1986,p.24.
⑤See Ernst Bloch,On Karl Marx,New York:Herder&Herder,1971,p.136.
⑥Suvin,Metamorphoses of Science Fiction,pp.49,55.
①Moylan,Demand the Impossible,p.38.
②See Frederic Jameson,“Of Islands and Trenches:Neutralization and the Production of Utopian Discourse,”Diacritics,Vol.7,Summer 1977,p.15.
③差异与同一的范畴在詹姆逊的论述中存在指涉的游移,集体性中它们类似于《时间的种子》中阐释卡夫卡短篇故事《歌手约瑟芬纳,或鼠人》时的意义,差异是个体性的不同,而同一性是人民的“身体温暖地挤着身体”的瞬间感受,而在《未来的考古学》中的乌托邦文类辩证法中,差异类似苏恩文的“新异”概念。
④See Suvin,Metamorphoses of Science Fiction,p.64.
⑤See Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,pp.216-217.
⑥See Phillip E.Wegner,“Jamesons Modernisms;or the Desire Called Utopia,”Diacritics,Winter 2007,p.5.
①See Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,pp.44,53,55,15.
②See Moylan,Demand the Impossible,pp.41-46.
③Freedman,“Science Fiction and Utopia,”in Learning from Other Worlds,p.91.
④详见黎婵:《〈时间机器〉:认知陌生化与科幻新颖》,《世界文学评论》2011年第2期。
⑤弗雷德里克·詹姆逊:《马克思主义与形式》,李自修译,百花洲文艺出版社,1995年,第147页。
⑥See Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future,p.232.
①See George Slusser,“Review,”Nineteen-Century Fiction,Vol.35,No.1,Jun.1980,pp.74-75.
②Darko Suvin,“Afterward:With Sober,Estranged Eyes,”in Learning from Other Worlds,pp.244-245.
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