美国原住民的称谓之争——当今美国“美国印第安人”与“土著美国人”的争议
On the Current Dispute over the Usage of "American Indian" and "Native American" in the United States
作者：邱惠林;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2007,(02):-52-59
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：美国印第安人;土著美国人;称谓争议
Key words：
基金项目：2006年受教育部国家留学基金委(China Scholarship Council);;
四川大学的资助
中文摘要
自从20世纪60年代以来,针对美国原住民的称谓问题,围绕着“美国印第安人”和“土著美国人”这两个词产生激烈的争议。在分析这两个词的源起以及赞成和反对使用的理由后,我们认为,用特定的印第安部落成员身份来称呼美国印第安人是最佳方式。
参考文献
[1]美国新闻总署.美国形象(Portrait of the USA)第一章:移民之国[EB/OL].(1997-09)[2006-08-26].http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/infousa/portraitAm/GB/ch1.htm.
[2]Kenneth M.Roemer.ed.Dictionary of Literary Biography,Volume 175:Native American Writers of the United States[M].Detroit,Washington,DC and London:A Broccoli Clark Layman Book,1997.xii.
[3]Michael Yellow Bird."What We Want to Be Called:Indigenous Peoples’Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Identity La-bels"[J].Berkeley:American Indian Quarterly,Spring 1999.Volume 23,Issue 2.
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①原文是:"Indian is what I grew up with and is what our parents and grandparents used.I never heard my grandfatherrefer to himself or his mother as Native American."Source:Michael Yellow Bird."What We Want to Be Called:IndigenousPeoples’Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Identity Labels",Berkeley:American Indian Quarterly,Spring 1999.Volume 23,Issue 2.
①原文是:"A True History of the Captivity&Restoration of Mrs.Mary Rowlandson...:wherein is set forth the crueland inhumane usage she underwent amongst the heathens../written by her own hand...and nowmade public..."见康奈尔大学图书馆网页http://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/garland.html.
②原文是:"The scalp of the paleface maiden shall hang to the lodge-pole of Sly Wolf.’Cried the Sioux chief,as thebrave seized Areitta’s golden locks and raised his hatchet."Sly Wolf应为印第安人名,Areitta为白人女俘虏名。见加州大学伯克利分校图书馆网页http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/nativeamericans/44.html.
③原文是:"Both being beast of prey,tho’they differ in shape."Stannard,David E.American Holocaust,NewYork:Oxford University Press,1992.p.118.
①原文是:"They change our name and treat us the same."Peter d’Errico,"Native American Indian Studies:A Note onNames"http://www.umass.edu/legal/derrico/name.html
①原文是:"Those who receive this award have made a bold stand against tyranny.They stand,sometimes alone,forFreedom and Justice.They will never forget Wounded Knee."http://www.peaknet.net/~aardvark/nona.html.Woun-ded Knee.中文译为伤膝谷,或者翁迪德尼,位于美国的南达科他州。1890年12月29日,美国军队在这里屠杀了数百名手无寸铁的拉科他苏族印第安人(Lakota Sioux Indian)。这是白人对印第安人的最后一次大规模屠杀,它标志着美国西部的印第安人被彻底征服,无力与美国对抗。此后,美国史学界边疆学派的创始人、历史学家弗雷德里克.杰克逊.特纳(Frederick Jackson Turner,1861-1932)宣布了美国西部边疆的关闭。Wounded Knee对所有的印第安人而言,具有深刻的象征意义。
②原文是:"NOTE:We are not PC here:we prefer the term Oklahoma Choctaw or American Indian...Anyone born inthis country is a NATIVE AMERICAN."http://www.peaknet.net/~aardvark/index2.html
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