私募股权投资下的应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理——基于PIPE投资的经验研究
The Effect of Private Equity Investment on Accruals-based and Real Earnings Management——An Empirical Research Based on PIPE Investment
作者:徐子尧;张雪兰;赵绍阳;
Author:
收稿日期: 年卷(期)页码:2016,206(05):-120-133
期刊名称:四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name:Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition)
关键字:私募股权投资;应计盈余管理;真实盈余管理;声誉;联合投资;背景
Key words:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“私募股权并购投资对我国上市公司治理机制的影响研究”(71350009);;
四川省软科学项目“四川省科技金融结合的创新机制研究”(2013ZR0009);;
中央高校学科前沿与交叉创新研究项目“基于私募股权投资基金的公司治理机制:理论模型与经验研究”(skqy201329)
中文摘要
私募股权投资已成为活跃在国际资本市场上的新兴力量,因其高度参与所投资企业的经营管理而带来的公司治理优化效应日益受到广泛重视。但是,对我国上市公司的相关研究发现:由于契约短期性等限制,私募股权的参与并未发挥公司治理优化效应,反而加剧了正向盈余管理;私募股权参与的上市公司盈余管理的方式更隐蔽,应计盈余管理及真实盈余管理兼而有之,且真实盈余管理的程度要高于应计盈余管理的程度;声誉、是否联合投资等私募股权特征显著影响上市公司盈余管理。据此,要发挥私募股权投资在优化公司治理、净化资本市场的积极作用,相关制度设计须兼顾有效约束私募基金因投资契约而做出的短视行为。
参考文献
(1)对于PE的概念,学术界的分类较多,综合来看一般分为两种,一种是广义的PE,指所投资的企业包括种子期、初创期、扩张期、成熟期的各个阶段。另一种为狭义的PE,专指对具有稳定和大量现金流的成熟企业所进行的股权投资,其目标在于重整所投资企业的治理结构及产业结构,挖掘其增值潜力,使其重新焕发活力,对社会与经济的影响正在日益扩大。本文以狭义的私募股权投资为研究对象,即不包括对企业早期的风险投资。
(2)PIPE包括了私募股权机构直接投资上市公司,既有股权转让的方式,也有参与定向增发的方式,其投资比例既有参股也有控股。
(3)清科集团私募通研究团队:《2014年中国私募股权投资年度研究报告》,2015年3月5日,http:∥research.pedaily.cn/report,2016年3月20日。
(1)A.Agrawal and T.Cooper,“Accounting Scandals in IPO Firms:Do Underwriters and VCs Help?”Journal of Economics&Management Strategy,Vol.19,No.4,2010,pp.1117-1181.
(2)G.Lee and R.Masulis,“Do Underwriters or Venture Capitalists Restrain Earnings Management by IPO Issuers?”Journal of Corporate Finance,Vol.17,No.4,2011,pp.982-1000.
(3)秦珞涵、郑建明:《PE入股与IPO前后盈余管理行为---来自创业板上市公司的证据》,《经济与管理研究》2016年第3期。
(4)A.Y.Zang,“Evidence on the Trade-off Between Real Activities Manipulation and Accrual-based Earnings Management,”The Accounting Review,Vol.87,No.2,2011,pp.675-703.
(5)国家发改委办公厅于2011年发布了《关于进一步规范试点地区股权投资企业发展和备案管理工作》和《关于促进股权投资企业规范发展的通知》,全国多个省、市、自治区也相继出台促进私募股权投资发展的文件。
(6)A.Berle and G.Means,The Modern Corporation and Private Property,New York:Macmillom Company,1932.Michael C.Jensen and William H.Meckling,“Theory of The Firm:Managerial Behavior,Agency Costs and Ownership Structure,”Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.3,No.4,1976,pp.305-360.
(7)Michael C.Jensen and Richard S.Ruback,“The Market for Corporate Control:The Scientific Evidence,”Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.11,1983,pp.5-50.
(1)D.Cumming,D.S.Siegel,and M.Wright,“Private Equity,Leveraged Buyouts and Governance,”Journal of Corporate Finance,Vol.13,2007,pp.439-460.
(2)M.Jensen and K.J.Murphy,“Performance Pay and Top Management Incentives,”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.98,1990,pp.225-264.Malcolm Baker and Paul A.Gompers,“The Determinants of Board Structure at the Initial Public Offering,”Journal of Law and Economics,Vol.46,No.2,2003,pp.569-598.
(3)Steven Kaplan,“The Effects of Management Buyouts on Operating Performance and Value,”Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.24,No.2,1989,pp.217-254.
(4)Paul M.Healy and James M.Wahlen,“A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Implications for Standard Setting,”Accounting Horizons,Vol.13,1999,pp.365-383.
(5)Healy and Wahlen,“A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Implications for Standard Setting,”pp.365-383.
(6)P.M.Dechow,S.P.Kothari,and R.L.Watts,“The Relation between Earnings and Cash Flows,”Journal of Accounting and Economics,Vol.25,No.2,1998,pp.133-168.
(1)S.Roychowdhury,“Earnings Management through Real Activities Manipulation,”Journal of Accounting and Economics,Vol.42,2006,pp.335-370.
(2)S.W.Wong,“The Effect of External Monitoring on Accruals-based and Real Earnings Management:Evidence from Venture-backed Initial Public Offerings,”Contemporary Accounting Research,Vol.30,No.1,2013,pp.296-324.
(3)D.A.Cohen and P.Zarowin,“Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management Activities around Seasoned Equity Offerings,”Journal of Accounting and Economics,Vol.50,2010,pp.2-19.
(4)Bernard S.Black and Ronald J.Gilson,“Venture Capital and the Structure of Capital Markets:Banks versus Stock Markets,”Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.47,No.3,1998,pp.243-277.
(5)G.D.Bruton,I.Filatotchev,S.Chahine,and M.Wright,“Governance,Ownership Structure,and Performance of IPO firms:The Impact of Different Types of Private Equity Investors and Institutional Environments,”Strategic Management Journal,Vol.31,No.5,2010,pp.491-509.
(6)I.Filatotchev,M.Wright and M.Arberk,“Venture Capitalists,Syndication and Governance in Initial Public Offerings,”Small Business Economics,Vol.26,No.4,2006,pp.337-350.
(7)Laura Bottazzi,Marco Da Rin and Thomas Hellmann,“Who are the Active Investors?Evidence from Venture Capital,”Journal of Financial Economics,Vol.89,No.3,2008,pp.488-512.
(8)张莉、谈毅:《风险投资联合投资对上市公司盈余管理的影响:基于我国创业板的实证研究》,《经济数学》2014年第1期。
(9)王会娟、张然:《私募股权投资于被投资企业高管薪酬契约---基于公司治理视角的研究》,《管理世界》2012年第9期。
(1)孙寅、林伟、姜军:《私募股权投资特征与IPO盈余管理》,《国际商务财会》2012年第11期。
(2)P.M.Dechow,R.G.Sloan,and A.P.Sweeney,“Detecting Earnings Management,”The Accounting Review,Vol.70,1995,pp.193-225.E.Bartov,F.A.Gul,and J.S.L.Tsui,“Discretionary Accruals Models and Audit Qualifications,”Journal of Accounting and Economics,Vol.30,2001,pp.421-452.
(3)Ken Y.Chen,Randal J.Elder and Yung-Ming Hsieh,“Corporate Governance and Earnings Management:The Implications of Corporate Governance Best-Practice Principles for Taiwanese Listed Companies,”Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics,Vol.3,No.2,2007,pp.73-105.
(1)程小可、郑立东、姚立杰:《内部控制能否抑制真实活动盈余管理?---兼与应计盈余管理之比较》,《中国软科学》2013年第3期。
(1)Y.Lian,Z.Su,and Y.Gu,“Evaluating the Effects of Equity Incentives Using PSM:Evidence from China,”Frontiers of Business Research in China,Vol.5,No.2,2011,pp.266-290.P.Rosenbaum and D.Rubin,“The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects,”Biometrika,Vol.70,No.1,1983,pp.41-55.
【关闭】