甘地的非暴力思想在美国的早期传播
The Dissemination of the Non-violent Thoughts of Ghandi in the U. S.
作者：于展;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2018,219(06):-56-65
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：甘地;非暴力;民权运动;本土化
Key words：
基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“冷战对美国民权改革的影响研究”(15BSS025);;
首都师范大学青年科研创新团队项目
中文摘要
甘地的非暴力思想在美国的早期传播经历了从译介到小规模试验这一跨国移植的过程。这一过程不是单方面的传播,而是历经了本土化的改造。其中译介又分为初步译介和深入译介两个阶段。在1920年代的初步译介时期,因为缺乏直接接触和深入了解,美国黑人对甘地的认识还停留在表面,比较肤浅,一些黑人把甘地的非暴力思想等同于消极抵抗或不抵抗。在1930年代的深入译介时期,通过一些黑人宗教知识分子和宗教和平主义组织和解之友会的努力,以及来美的印度民族主义者的宣传,甘地的非暴力思想越来越为美国黑人所熟知和理解。他们开始把甘地的非暴力思想与美国黑人基督教的思想以及现代心理学等社会科学相结合,兼顾理想主义和现实主义,形成了比较成熟的本土化理论。在此理论基础上,在和解之友会的推动下,一些民权组织和个人在1940年代开展了效仿甘地的小规模非暴力试验,并与美国劳工运动的经验相结合,取得了一定的成功。这些译介和试验活动为后来大规模的非暴力民权运动的发生奠定了基础。
参考文献
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