无望的困局——美国的控枪政策及其制度性因素
A Hopeless Dilemma of US Gun Control and the US Political System
作者：梁茂信;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2018,219(06):-33-44
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：枪支控制;枪支政策;制度因素;美国
Key words：
基金项目：教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目“美国公共价值观悖论研究”(15JJD770006)
中文摘要
美国的枪患问题滥觞于近代早期的英国,根植于1787年宪法及其修正案中关于公民持枪权的联动保护机制之中,它在法理上封死了通过修宪根绝枪患问题的可能。建立在该宪法基础上的联邦制强调分权与制衡,结果在控枪问题上形成了政出多门的格局:联邦立法隔靴搔痒,掣肘繁多,执法过程中动作缓慢,效用有限;各州立法五花八门,差异悬殊,各类枪展活动有法不依,非法交易不绝。诸多方面的漏洞,加上社会上长期存在的盗枪行为,都在不同程度上助长了各地和跨州枪支非法交易的泛滥。最高法院判决从维护个人主义的理念出发,将公民持枪权置于至高无上的地位,摧毁了地方控枪立法的最后一道防线。凡此种种制度性因素均使美国的控枪政策陷入无望的困局之中。
参考文献
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