①Amy Qin,“U.S.Professors Call on Colleges to Re-evaluate Confucius Institutes,”New York Times,June 18,2014,http:∥sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/17/u-s-professors-call-on-colleges-to-re-evaluate-confuciusinstitutes/?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar,June 20,2014.
②参见Douglas Belkin,“Penn State Latest School to Drop Chinas Confucius Institute:Chains of Academic Centers Criticized for Influence of Chinese Government,”Wall Street Journal,Oct.1,2014,http:∥online.wsj.com/articles/pennstate-latest-school-to-drop-chinas-confucius-institute-1412196655,Oct.5,2014.
③李开盛:《孔子学院发展太快了,易引起文化侵略担心》,凤凰网,2014年10月28日,http:∥edu.ifeng.com/a/20141028/40849589_0.shtml,2014年11月2日。
④潘立新:《孔子学院质疑声不断,海外发展迅速》,凤凰网,2014年10月22日,http:∥edu.ifeng.com/a/20141022/40843920_0.shtml,2014年10月23日。
⑤宋荣荣:《孔子学院的喧嚣十年:传播中国文化or输出中国意志》,凤凰网,2014年11月3日,http:∥edu.ifeng.com/special/yyzg/,2014年11月6日。
⑥李鹏:《孔子学院在美招非议,真实的孔子学院是怎样的?》,凤凰网,2014年10月22日,http:∥edu.ifeng.com/a/20141022/40843910_0.shtml,2014年10月23日。
①即李开盛、戴长江的《孔子学院在美国的舆论环境评估》(《世界经济与政治》2011年第7期)和刘程、安然的《意识形态下的新闻图式:英国主流媒体对孔子学院的“选择性误读”》(《新闻界》2014年第6期)。
②即James F.Paradise,“China and International Harmony:The Role of Confucius Institutes in Bolstering Beijings Soft Power,”Asian Survey,Vol.49,No.4,July/August 2009,pp.647-669.
③参见D.D.Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses,”The New York Times,Mar.5,2012,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/us/critics-worry-about-influence-of-chinese-instituteson-us-campuses.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all,May 26,2012.
④参见Associated Press,“Pritzker Prizes Double Payoff:Fame for Chinese Architect,Possible Brand Boost for Hyatt,”The Washington Post,May 24,2012,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/business/pritzker-prizes-double-payoff-famefor-chinese-architect-possible-brand-boost-for-hyatt/2012/05/24/gJ QAkx1QmU_story.html,May 24,2012.
⑤参见Jaime A.FlorC ruz,“China Works Hard to Project Soft Power,”CNN,Mar.30,2012,http:∥edition.cnn.com/2012/03/30/world/asia/florcruz-china-soft-power/index.html?iref=allsearch,May 26,2012.
⑥Michael Wines,“Chinese Leader Gets Ride on Chicagos Big Shoulders,”The New York Times,Jan.22,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/01/22/world/asia/22hu.html?r=1,May 26,2012.
⑦Ian Johnson,“Chinas Leader Has Message of Harmony,but Limited Agenda,”The New York Times,Jan.19,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/01/19/world/asia/19hu.html,May 28,2012.
⑧Ian Johnson,“For China,Relief after a Successful Trip,”The New York Times,Jan.22,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/01/22/world/asia/22china.html,May 26,2012.
①Howard W.French,“Another Chinese Export Is All the Rage:Chinas Language,”The New York Times,Jan.11,2006,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2006/01/11/international/asia/11china.html?pagewanted=all,May 26,2012.
②参见Jeremy Page,“Liu Xiaobo Wins Nobel Peace Prize,”The Wall Street Journal,Oct.8,2010,http:∥online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704657304575539450175386036.html,July 28,2012.
③Paul Mozur,“Debate Swarms around Taiwan Confucius Requirement,”The Wall Street Journal,Apr.7,2011,http:∥blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/04/07/debate-swarms-around-taiwan-confucius-requirement/,Feb.18,2013.
④参见Aries Poon,“Soft Power Smackdown!Confucius Institute vs.Taiwan Academy,”The Wall Street Journal,Aug.12,2011,http:∥blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/08/12/soft-power-smackdown-confucius-institute-vstaiwan-academy/,Feb.18,2013.
⑤Associated Press,“US Clampdown on Visas for Confucius Institute Teachers Draws Indignation in China,”The Washington Post,May 25,2012,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/us-clampdown-on-visas-forconfucius-institutes-teachers-draws-indignation-in-china/2012/05/25/gJ QA6FACpU_story.html,May 26,2012.
⑥Joseph S.Nye,Jr,.“Chinas Repression Undoes Its Charm Offensive,”The Washington Post,Mar.24,2011,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/chinas-repression-undoes-its-charm-offensive/2011/03/24/AFdlxRYB_story.html,Jan.26,2013.
⑦Associated Press,“Pritzker Prizes Double Payoff:Fame for Chinese Architect,Possible Brand Boost for Hyatt”.
⑧Peter Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,Oct.17,2010,http:∥chronicle.com/article/At-US-Colleges/124975/,Feb.18,2013.
⑨Nye,“Chinas Repression Undoes Its Charm Offensive”.
Juan Forero,“China Tries to Win over Brazilian Consumers,”The Washington Post,Sept.2,2011,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/world/americas/china-tries-to-win-over-brazilian-consumers/2011/08/10/gI QAT2d6vJ_story.html,May 27,2012.
Associated Press,“Pritzker Prizes Double Payoff:Fame for Chinese Architect,Possible Brand Boost for Hyatt”.
参见汉办:《孔子学院章程》,http:∥www.hanban.edu.cn/confuciousinstitutes/node_7537.htm,2013年2月10日。
参见《2006:孔子学院成为中国“软实力”的最亮品牌》,中国政府网,2007年1月7日,http:∥www.gov.cn/jrzg/2007-01/01/content_485693.htm,2013年8月24日。
参见刘梦羽:《专访国务院参事、国家汉办主任、孔子学院总部总干事许琳——孔子学院的“苦”与“歌”》,《中国报道》2011年11期。
①台北驻日经济文化代表处文化组(摘自《读卖新闻》):《札幌大学成立“孔子学院”》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第236期,2006年12月14日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=122,2012年6月18日。
②电子报小组、国际文教处:《世界华语热台湾强大热潮推国际交流》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第430期,2010年10月7日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/topical.aspx?topical_sn=496,2012年6月18日。
③Poon,“Soft Power Smackdown!Confucius Institute vs.Taiwan Academy”.
④French,“Another Chinese Export Is All the Rage:Chinas Language”.
⑤Melissa Powers,“Eight Questions:Deborah Fallows,‘Dreaming in Chinese’,”The Wall Street Journal,June 29,2011,http:∥blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/06/29/eight-questions-deborah-fallows-dreaming-in-chinese/,Aug.12,2012.
⑥越南和韩国汉语热,皆参见French,“Another Chinese Export Is All the Rage:Chinas Language”.
⑦参见台北驻比利时代表处文化组(摘自2008年6月4日《自由比利时日报》、2008年6月2日《比利时法语文化体新闻公报》):《比利时法语区与中国加强学术合作》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第311期,2008年6月12日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=1443,2012年6月18日。
⑧参见电子报小组、国际文教处:《世界华语热台湾强大热潮推国际交流》。
⑨参见驻英国台北代表处文化组:《英国大学中文教育资源渐趋完善》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第388期,2009年12月10日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=4811,2012年6月18日。
参见台北驻澳大利亚代表处文化组:《华语文教学实习拓展台澳中小学国际教育交流》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第473期,2011年8月11日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=8081,2012年6 月18日。
参见驻马来西亚台北经济文化办事处(摘自2011年7月18日《星洲日报》新闻网):《大马检讨教育制度检视与时并进实用性》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第470期,2011年7月21日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=7971,2012年6月18日。
参见Raffaello Pantucci and Alexandros Ptersen,“Russias Eastern Anxieties,”The New York Times,Oct.18,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/opinion/18iht-edpantucci18.html?_r=1,Sept.17,2012.
参见Edward Wong,“China Quietly Extends Footprints into Central Asia,”January 3,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/01/03/world/asia/03china.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all,Sept.18,2012.
参见驻纽约台北经济文化办事处文化组(摘自2010年3月11日“美国之音”):《正体或简体?美学校掀起中文教学之争》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第401期,2010年3月18日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=5324,2012年6月18日。
参见驻休士顿台北经济文化办事处文化组(摘自2009年12月8日《世界日报》):《推广汉语美国中小学校长访中》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第388期,2009年12月10日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=4805,2012年6月18日。
参见Ovetta Wiggins,“Prince Georges Adds Chinese Immersion at Elementary School,”The Washington Post,Feb.2,2012,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/prince-georges-adds-chinese-immersion-atelementary-school/2012/02/02/gI QA824L1Q_story.html,Aug.15,2012.
①French,“Another Chinese Export Is All the Rage:Chinas Language”.
②参见驻纽约办事处教育组(摘自“美联社”):《中国推“软实力”世界各大学成立孔子学院》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第386期,2009年11月26日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=4705,2012年6月18日。
③James Warren,“Chinese Presidents Visit Proclaims a Rising Chicago,”The New York Times,Jan.21,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/01/21/us/21cncwarren.html,Sept.18,2012.
④参见驻纽约台北经济文化办事处文化组(摘自2011年4月21日“路透社”、2011年5月16日《世界日报》):《西语裔也掀中文热》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第462期,2011年5月26日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=7652,2012年6月18日。
⑤Powers,“Eight Questions:Deborah Fallows,‘Dreaming in Chinese’”.
⑥Wiggins,“Prince Georges Adds Chinese Immersion at Elementary School”.
⑦French,“Another Chinese Export Is All the Rage:Chinas Language”.
⑧参见Randy Wyrick,“Mandarin Classes Coming to Local Schools,”Vail Daily,June 29,2011,http:∥www.vaildaily.com/article/20110629/NEWS/110629818,Jan.30,2013.
⑨参见驻法国台北代表处文化组(摘自2009年2月6日《20分钟早报》):《巴黎公立小学增设中文课程》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第349期,2009年3月12日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=2967,2012年6月18日。
参见驻纽约台北经济文化办事处文化组:《西语裔也掀中文热》。
台北驻大阪经济文化办事处(摘自《读卖新闻》):《推销日语日本建构百个海外教育据点》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第288期,2007年12月27日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=870,2012年6月18日。
驻英国台北代表处文化组:《英国大学中文教育资源渐趋完善》。
Burton Bollag,“A Failure to Communicate,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,Apr.27,2007,http:∥www.chronicle.com.ezp.slu.edu/article/A-Failrue-to-Communicate/6252/,Mar.12,2013.
参见Powers,“Eight Questions:Deborah Fallows,‘Dreaming in Chinese’”.
①以上两条引文参见Wiggins,“Prince Georges Adds Chinese Immersion at Elementary School”.
②参见汉办:《关于孔子学院/课堂》,http:∥www.hanban.edu.cn/confuciousinstitutes/node_10961.htm,2013年12月15日。
③Jonathan Immerman,“Beware Chinas Role in US Chinese Classes,”The Christian Science Monitor,Sept.6,2006,http:∥www.csmonitor.com/2006/0906/p09s02-coop.html,Jan.30,2013.
④参见Bollag,“A Failure to Communicate”.
⑤美国语言管理部门指定汉语、阿拉伯语、日语、韩语、俄语、印度语、波斯语和土耳其语为重要外语。
⑥参见Bollag,“A Failure to Communicate”.
⑦Karin Fischer,“On International Education,the Obama Administrations Rhetoric Doesnt Always Match Reality,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,June 4,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/On-International-Education/132117/,June 22,2012.
⑧参见Eric Kelderman,“North Dakotas Moment in the Spotlight Isnt a Pretty One,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,Mar.4,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/North-Dakotas-Moment-in-the/131041/,Mar.9,2012.
⑨Bollag,“A Failure to Communicate”.
Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom”.
Karin Fischer,“Following State Department Flap,Confucius Institutes Scramble to Continue Language Instruction to Schools,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,Aug.28,2012.http:∥chronicle.com/article/Confucius-Institutes-Striveto/133986/?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en,Aug.30,2012.
Ian Wilhelm,“As Higher Ed Goes Global,Ethics Come to the Foreground,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,Aug.31,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/As-Higher-Ed-Goes-Global/133924/,February 2,2013.
①Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom”.
②Associated Press,US“Clampdown on Visas for Confucius Institute Teachers Draws Indignation in China”.
③Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses”.
④Oliver Staley,“Lure of Chinese Tuition Pushes out Asian-Americans,”Bloomberg,Dec.29,2011,http:∥www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-28/lure-of-chinese-tuition-squeezes-out-asian-americans-at-californiaschools.html,Feb.24,2014.
⑤Karin Fischer,“State Department Denies Targeting Confucius Institutes but Holds to Decision on Visas,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,May 22,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/State-Department-Denies/131955/,May 24,2012.
⑥Karin Fischer,“State Department Hopes to‘Fix’Visa Problem without Forcing Chinese Teachers to Leave,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,May 25,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/US-Hopes-to-Fix-Visa/132017/,May 26,2012.
⑦参见Fischer,“Following State Department Flap,Confucius Institutes Scramble to Continue Language Instruction to Schools”.
⑧参见http:∥www.hanban.edu.cn/confuciousinstitutes/node_10961.htm,2014年3月5日。
⑨参见台北驻澳大利亚代表处文化组(摘自2011年1月18日Daily Chinese Herald):《孔子学院热在北美持续升温》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第446期,2011年1月27日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=6936,2012年6月8日。
以上两条引文参见Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses”.
Yu Jie,“The Myth of China as a Harmless Tiger,”The Washington Post,Feb.10,2012,http:∥www.washington post.com/opinions/the-myth-of-china-as-a-harmless-tiger/2012/02/10/gI QAb7DxB R_story.html,May 26,2012.
驻纽约台北经济文化办事处文化组(摘自2010年5月26日“美国之音”):《中美达成增加互派留学生协议》,(台湾)《教育部电子报》第414期,2010年6月7日,http:∥epaper.edu.tw/e9617_epaper/windows.aspx?windows_sn=5835,2012年6月10日。
参见Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses”.
Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom”.
①参见Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses”.
②参见Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom”.
③Associated Press,“US Clampdown on Visas for Confucius Institute Teachers Draws Indignation in China”.
④参见Daniel de Vise,“U.S.Scholars Say Their Book on China Led to Travel Ban,”The Washington Post,Aug.21,2011,http:∥www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/us-scholars-say-their-book-on-china-led-to-travel-ban/2011/08/17/gI QAN3C9SJ_story.html,May 28,2012.
⑤Karin Fischer,“State Department Directive Could Disrupt Teaching Activities of Campus-Based Confucius Institutes,”The Chronicle of Higher Education,May 21,2012,http:∥chronicle.com/article/State-Department-Directive/131934/,May22,2012.
⑥Associated Press,“US Clampdown on Visas for Confucius Institute Teachers Draws Indignation in China”.
⑦Guttenplan,“Critics Worry about Influence of Chinese Institutes on U.S.Campuses”.
⑧Schmidt,“At U.S.Colleges,Chinese-Financed Centers Prompt Worries about Academic Freedom”.
⑨参见Kong Qingdong,“U.S.Rule Puts Confucius Schools under Spotlight,”The Wall Street Journal,May 24,2012,http:∥blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2012/05/24/u-s-rule-puts-confucius-schools-under-spotlight/,May 26,2012.
①Wyrick,“Mandarin Classes Coming to Local Schools”.
②Jonathan Immerman,“Beware Chinas Role in US Chinese Classes,”The Christian Science Monitor,Sept.6,2006,http:∥www.csmonitor.com/2006/0906/p09s02-coop.html,Jan.30,2013.
③转引自《刘罡读报》,《华尔街日报中文版》,2012年6月18日,http:∥cn.wsj.com/gb/20120618/BRF101241.asp?source=NewS earch,2012年6月20日。
④Powers,“Eight Questions:Deborah Fallows,‘Dreaming in Chinese’”.
⑤Peter Monaghan,“Open Doors,Closed Minds?”The Chronicle of Higher Education,May 19,2006,http:∥chronicle.com/article/Open-Doors-Closed-Minds-/16550/,Feb.1,2013.
⑥Yu Jie,“The Myth of China as a Harmless Tiger”.
⑦参见杨佩昌:《美国人为何对孔子学院产生恐惧?》,2012年5月26日,http:∥blog.ifeng.com/article/17995895.html,2012年5月26日。
①参见Joseph S.Nye,Jr,.“Why China Is Weak on Soft Power,”The New York Times,Jan.18,2012,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2012/01/18/opinion/why-china-is-weak-on-soft-power.html?_r=1,June 20,2012;Serge Schmemann,“The Seesaw of Power,”The New York Times,June 24,2011,http:∥www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/opinion/global/24 iht-june24-ihtmag-nye-36.html?pagewanted=all,June 10,2012.
