From 2011 to 2018, multiple collecting trips for surveys on the Scarabaeoidea insects were carried out in the Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve (Guizhou Province). A total of 160 specimens belonging to 63 species under 38 genera of 9 families were collected and identified. Among them, 4 species are the new records of Guizhou Province. The results of α diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness indices for Scarabaeoidea insects in the deciduous broadleaf forest are the highest (0.365 and 6.897, respectively), while evenness index for Scarabaeoidea insects is the lowest (0.107). The diversity and richness indices for Scarabaeoidea insects in the subtropical coniferous forest are the lowest (0.260 and 2.337, respectively), while the evenness index for Scarabaeoidea insects is the highest (0.125). Indices for Scarabaeoidea insects in other habitat types are not significantly different. From the aspect of Scarabaeoidea insects collected by month, the diversity and richness indices for Scarabaeoidea insects collected in May are the highest (0.359 and 7.313, respectively), and those of June (0.347 and 7.048, respectively) were higher. These indices for other months are not significantly different. The evenness index for Scarabaeoidea insects collected in March is the highest (0.198), followed by September (0.147). For altitude ranges, the diversity and evenness indices for Scarabaeoidea insects collected from 1 500 m to 1 700 m are the highest (0.341 and 0.129, respectively), and the lowest diversity and richness indices (0.123 and 1.116, respectively) were detected in the Scarabaeoidea insects collected above 1 700 m. The evenness index for Scarabaeoidea insects collected from 1 300 m to 1 500 m is the lowest (0.080), but the richness index is the highest (8.252). Other indices are not significantly different. The results of community similarity analysis showed that the similarity of Scarabaeoidea insects collected from mixed forests of Masson's pine (Pinus massoniana) and broadleaf trees and mixed forests of evergreen broadleaved and deciduous broadleaved is the highest (0.429), followed by the deciduous broadleaved forest and the mixed forest of deciduous broadleaved and evergreen broadleaved (0.415).
