Dental plaque is structurally a kind of biofilm which contains a variety of micro-organisms. The interreaction of oral micro-organisms may affect the nature, forms, and toxicity of the dental plaque biofilm, as well as the localization and field planting of bacteria inside the biofilm. The signal transduction existed between the bacterium has an important effect on the formation and virulence of bacterial biofilm. This reviewing paper focuses on the latest research progress of human oral microbial community and dental plaque biofilm.