卵砾石床面的统计粗糙特性
Statistical Roughness Properties of Gravel Bed Surfaces
作者：钟亮(重庆交通大学 国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400074;重庆交通大学 水利水运工程教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400074)；王舒(重庆交通大学 水利水运工程教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400074)；潘云文(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610065)；张建梅(重庆交通大学 国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400074;重庆交通大学 水利水运工程教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400074)；许光祥(重庆交通大学 国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400074;重庆交通大学 水利水运工程教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400074)；倪志辉(重庆交通大学 国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400074;重庆交通大学 水利水运工程教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400074)
Author：Zhong Liang(National Eng. Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China;Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Waterway Eng. of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China)；Wang Shu(Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Waterway Eng. of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China)；Pan Yunwen(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng. Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)；Zhang Jianmei(National Eng. Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China;Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Waterway Eng. of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China)；Xu Guangxiang(National Eng. Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China;Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Waterway Eng. of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China)；Ni Zhihui(National Eng. Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China;Key Lab. of Hydraulic and Waterway Eng. of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong Univ., Chongqing 400074, China)
收稿日期：2017-04-09 年卷（期）页码：2017,49(6):1-9
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：卵砾石床面;粗糙特性;统计参数;结构函数
Key words：gravel bed surfaces;roughness properties;statistical parameters;structure function
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51509026）；重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究资助项目（cstc2017jcyjAX0278）
中文摘要
针对代表粒径法难以准确量化床面总体粗糙特性的问题，引入统计学理论研究卵砾石床面的粗糙特性，采用不同粒径组成的天然卵砾石颗粒人工铺制了多种散叠型床面，基于床面激光扫描试验资料并结合他人试验成果，探讨床面粗糙统计参数随颗粒组成的变化关系，分析剖面轮廓及粗糙床面的高程变异特征。结果表明：床面高程频率分布呈负偏态，形态较正态分布陡峭，为峰度Ku>3的高狭峰；高程标准差σz随中值粒径d50的增大而增大，偏度Sk随d50的增大而减小；在d50相同的情况下，人工铺制床面的σz和Sk值均小于清水冲刷粗化床面，而Ku值并无明显差异。剖面轮廓的1维结构函数满足变异函数球状模型，模型参数包括变程、块金值和基台值，变程随d50和σz均呈先减小后增大的趋势变化，块金值、基台值随d50和σz均呈单调递增变化，变化趋势可用2次多项式曲线拟合。床面2维结构函数的分布形态与抽样尺度hx、hy密切相关，hx、hy与d50相当时，2维结构函数分布形态接近圆形，床面粗糙具有各向同性，与清水冲刷粗化床面的结构函数分布规律一致；随着hx、hy的增大，2维结构函数分布形态复杂性明显增加，不同象限的结构函数值差异较大，且不再具有清水冲刷粗化床面结构函数的分布规律，床面粗糙出现各向异性。
英文摘要
In order to slove the problem that the representative particle size method is difficult to accurately quantify the roughness of the gravel bed surfaces (GBS), the statistical theory was introduced to study the roughness properties of natural GBS. A series of loose-stacked GBS were prepared by using particles with different size and composition. Based on the analysis of the laser scanning data of the above GBS and the existing test results, the relationship between the statistical parameters of bed roughness and particle size was discussed, and the elevation variation characteristics of gravel bed profiles (GBP) and GBS was analyzed. The results showed that the frequency distribution of bed elevation had a negative skewness, the curve shape was steeper than the normal distribution, and the kurtosisKuis greater than 3 which belongs to high narrow peak. The standard deviationσzincreased with the increase of the median particle sized50, and the skewnessSkdecreased with the increase ofd50. In the case of the same particle sized50, the standard deviationσzand skewnessSkof unworked GBS were less than that of water-worked GBS, but there was no significant difference in kurtosisKu. The one-dimensional structure function of GBP satisfied the variogram spherical model, whose parameters included the range, nugget and abutment value. The range showed a trend of first decrease and then increased with the increase ofd50andσz, and nugget and abutment value increase with the increase ofd50andσz. The trend couied be fitted with second order polynomial curves. The distribution pattern of two-dimensional structure function was closely related to sampling scalehxandhy. Whenhx,hyandd50were equivalent, the distribution of the two-dimensional structure function was close to the circular shape and the rough GBS was isotropic, with the distribution law of the structural function being consistent with that of the water-worked GBS. With the increase ofhxandhy, the complexity of the distribution of the two-dimensional structure function was enhanced obviously. The structure function values of different quadrants were different, and there was no longer the distribution law of the water-worked GBS and the rough GBS was anisotropic.
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